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William Edward Reynolds (11 January 1860 – 25 January 1944) served as the fifth Commandant of the United States Coast Guard, from 1919 to 1924.〔"William E. Reynolds", Commandants of the U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office〕 During the early part of his military career he spent much of his time aboard various vessels in the Revenue Cutter Service and its successor agency, the Coast Guard. He took an active interest in the education of officers as superintendent of the Revenue Cutter Service School of Instruction by increasing and modernizing the curriculum. The period after World War I when he served as Commandant was one of manpower shortages and personnel problems as well as questions about whether the Treasury Department or the Navy Department should control the Coast Guard. Reynolds was able to guide the service through the difficulties of control and actually increased the number of vessels and men serving under him. ==Early life and career== Reynolds was born in Montgomery County, Maryland.〔 He was appointed at age eighteen as a cadet to the Revenue Cutter Service School of Instruction at Curtis Bay, Maryland, on 24 May 1878 and after two years training was commissioned as a third lieutenant on 17 July 1880.〔Noble, p 59〕 He was in the second class graduated from the School of Instruction. As a member of the crew of USRC ''Corwin'', in 1881, he participated in the search for the missing exploration steamer USS ''Jeannette'' along the northern coast of Siberia using a sled team.〔〔Strobridge and Noble, pp 119–120〕 On 12 August 1881 he was a member of the expedition which claimed Wrangel Island for the United States while searching for ''Jeannette''.〔〔Strobridge and Noble, pp 78–80〕 On 24 December 1884 Reynolds reported aboard the School of Instruction's training cutter, USRC ''Salmon P. Chase'' as one of the instructors at the school.〔"Record of Movements: Vessels of the United States Coast Guard, 1790 – December 31, 1933", pp 178–186 U.S. Coast Guard Cutters & Craft Index, U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office〕 On 1 June 1885 Reynolds was promoted to second lieutenant.〔 He remained assigned to the ''Chase'' until 21 April 1888. On 15 April 1889, he returned to the ''Chase'' for a little more than one year, leaving on 19 May 1890.〔 On 18 January 1896 Reynolds was promoted to first lieutenant.〔 Coincidentally, on that same date, the court-martial of Captain Michael "Hell Roaring Mike" Healy for conduct unbecoming of an officer and hazarding the safety of his vessel, the USRC ''Bear'', by being intoxicated; began in San Francisco, California, and Reynolds had been appointed as prosecuting officer.〔Strobridge and Noble, p 168〕 He was successful and Healy was convicted on all charges on 5 March 1896.〔Strobridge and Noble, p 174〕 At the beginning of the Spanish–American War, Reynolds was serving as captain of the USRC ''Louis McLane'' in the North Atlantic Fleet under Navy Rear Admiral William T. Sampson. Based at Key West, Florida, ''McLane'' guarded the submarine telegraph cable that ran from Key West to Sanibel Island.〔King, p 120〕 On 6 November 1902 Reynolds assumed the assignment of superintendent of the Revenue Cutter Service School of Instruction and the command of the training cutter USRC ''Chase''. On 31 January 1903 Reynolds was promoted to captain.〔 Under his leadership, the School of Instruction added a third year of training, adding to the curriculum more science and mathematics. At the direction of Congress the school provided for the appointment of cadet engineers for a six-month training program. Candidates were to have had at least six months practical experience in marine engineering and upon graduation they filled positions as second assistant engineers. To help with the training of engineers, Reynolds requested that the '' Chase'' be replaced with a more modern steam powered cutter. During Reynolds' tenure at the school, a new training cutter was acquired; USRC ''Itasca'' was the former USS ''Bancroft'', a former U.S. Naval Academy training vessel. Reynolds commanded her on her initial training cruise to the Mediterranean during the summer of 1907.〔King, pp 172–176〕 On 23 January 1909, as captain of USRC ''Seneca'', he responded to the collision of White Star passenger liner SS ''Republic'' with the Italian liner SS ''Florida'', 26 miles southeast of Nantucket, Massachusetts, assisting USRC ''Gresham'' with the rescue of passengers and crew of the ''Republic''.〔King, pp 135–138〕 On 9 July 1909 Reynolds was promoted to senior captain.〔 As Captain Commandant Worth G. Ross indicated that he was going to retire in 1911 because of ill health, speculation as to who would succeed him as Captain Commandant became a campaign by several senior officers in the Revenue Cutter Service. Although he didn't actively seek the position, Reynolds name was mentioned a possibility by other senior captains, but eventually the campaign by Senior Captain Ellsworth P. Bertholf would succeed.〔Kroll, pp 86–87〕 When the United States entered World War I on 6 April 1917, Senior Captain Reynolds was commanding the Coast Guard's southern division at San Francisco. He was directed to report to the Commander, Twelfth Naval District for assignment where he was put in charge of harbor patrols for the district but also retained his old assignment. On 11 September 1917, he was reassigned as the district chief of staff, in addition to his former assignments. He remained as district chief of staff for the remainder of the war.〔〔Larzelere, p 221〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William E. Reynolds」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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